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Archive for the category “STUDY BIBLE”
II/ New words and expressions
III/ Difficult sentences:
Now it is more clear for you to understand and you might have a good translation of yourselves.
May God bless us, who are studying His words and obey Him.
ROMANS 15
1 We who are strong ought to bear with the failings of the weak and not to please ourselves.
2 Each of us should please his neighbor for his good, to build him up.
3 For even Christ did not please himself but, as it is written: “The insults of those who insult you have fallen on me.”
4 For everything that was written in the past was written to teach us, so that through endurance and the encouragement of the Scriptures we might have hope.
5 May the God who gives endurance and encouragement give you a spirit of unity among yourselves as you follow Christ Jesus,
6 so that with one heart and mouth you may glorify the God and Father of our Lord Jesus Christ.
7 Accept one another, then, just as Christ accepted you, in order to bring praise to God.
8 For I tell you that Christ has become a servant of the Jews on behalf of God’s truth, to confirm the promises made to the patriarchs
9 so that the Gentiles may glorify God for his mercy, as it is written: “Therefore I will praise you among the Gentiles; I will sing hymns to your name.”
10 Again, it says, “Rejoice, O Gentiles, with his people.”
11 And again, “Praise the Lord, all you Gentiles, and sing praises to him, all you peoples.”
12 And again, Isaiah says, “The Root of Jesse will spring up, one who will arise to rule over the nations; the Gentiles will hope in him.”
13 May the God of hope fill you with all joy and peace as you trust in him, so that you may overflow with hope by the power of the Holy Spirit.
Paul the Minister to the Gentiles
14 I myself am convinced, my brothers, that you yourselves are full of goodness,complete in knowledge and competent to instruct one another.
15 I have written you quite boldly on some points, as if to remind you of them again, because of the grace God gave me
16 to be a minister of Christ Jesus to the Gentiles with the priestly duty of proclaiming the gospel of God, so that the Gentiles might become an offering acceptable to God, sanctified by the Holy Spirit.
17 Therefore I glory in Christ Jesus in my service to God.
18 I will not venture to speak of anything except what Christ has accomplished through me in leading the Gentiles to obey God by what I have said and done–
19 by the power of signs and miracles, through the power of the Spirit. So from Jerusalem all the way around to Illyricum, I have fully proclaimed the gospel of Christ.
20 It has always been my ambition to preach the gospel where Christ was not known, so that I would not be building on someone else’s foundation.
21 Rather, as it is written: “Those who were not told about him will see, and those who have not heard will understand.”
22 This is why I have often been hindered from coming to you.
Paul’s Plan to Visit Rome
23 But now that there is no more place for me to work in these regions, and since I have been longing for many years to see you,
24 I plan to do so when I go to Spain. I hope to visit you while passing through and to have you assist me on my journey there, after I have enjoyed your company for a while.
25 Now, however, I am on my way to Jerusalem in the service of the saints there.
26 For Macedonia and Achaia were pleased to make a contribution for the poor among the saints in Jerusalem.
27 They were pleased to do it, and indeed they owe it to them. For if the Gentiles have shared in the Jews’ spiritual blessings, they owe it to the Jews to share with them their material blessings.
28 So after I have completed this task and have made sure that they have received this fruit, I will go to Spain and visit you on the way.
29 I know that when I come to you, I will come in the full measure of the blessing of Christ.
30 I urge you, brothers, by our Lord Jesus Christ and by the love of the Spirit, to join me in my struggle by praying to God for me.
31 Pray that I may be rescued from the unbelievers in Judea and that my service in Jerusalem may be acceptable to the saints there,
32 so that by God’s will I may come to you with joy and together with you be refreshed.
33 The God of peace be with you all. Amen.
I/ Introductrion
Let us continue to study Romans 15 containing the main ideas:
– The strong ought to bear the failings of the weak.
– Paul’s ministry to the Gentiles.
– Paul’s plan to visit Rome on the way to Spain.
II/ New words and expressions
– failing(n): nhược điểm; khuyết điểm.
– Ought to ( defective verb): nên ( với bổn phận và trách nhiệm.(v1)
Ought not ( negative).
– To insult (v) lăng mạ; sỉ nhục; (n): lời lăng mạ, sỉ nhục.(v3)
– in order to ( prep) để. (v7)
– Partriarch (n) tổ phụ. (v8)
– Peoples (n) các dân tộc.( noun in plural)
– To overflow(v) dư dật (v13).
– To convince: tin chắc (v14).
– Competent (a): có tài năng; giỏi.
– priest (n) thầy tế lễ; priestly (a) thuộc về thầy tế lễ ( v16).
– To venture : liều; cả gan; dám.(v18).
( saying: ” No venture, no win”: được ăn cả, ngả về không ).
– To long: mong mỏi; ước mong.(23).
– Now that ( conjunction): vì
III/ Dificult sentences .
1/” We who are strong ought to bear with the failings of the weak and not to please ourselves.” ( v1)
This sentence has 2 clauses:
– Main clause is ” We ought to bear with the failings of the weak and ( ought) not to please ourselves”.
– Subordinate clause (Adjective relative clause) : ” who are strong” modifying the main clause.
( Sát nghĩa theo cấu trúc ngữ pháp câu này có nghĩa:
Chúng ta người mạnh mẽ nên ( với bổn phận ) mang lấy những nhược điểm của kẻ yếu và không nên tự thỏa lòng mình.)
“vậy, chính ta là kẻ mạnh, hãy gánh vác sự yếu đuối của những kẻ kém sức, chớ làm đẹp lòng mình.”( bản dịch của MS tiến sĩ Nguyễn Cảnh năm 2014).
2/ “The insults of those who insult you have fallen on me.” (v3b)
– Main clause is ” The insults of those ( people) have fallen on me”
– Subordinate clause ( mệnh đề phụ) : “Who insult you” ( relative clause modifying the people)
( những lời sĩ nhục của kẻ sỉ nhục Ngài đã ( và còn) đổ trên con.)
” Lời trách móc của những kẻ trách móc Ngài xin đổ trên con” ( Bảm dịch 2014 của MS Nguyễn Cảnh ).
3/ “For everything that was written in the past was written to teach us, so that through endurance and the encouragement of the Scriptures we might have hope.” ( v4)
In this sentence there are 3 clauses:
-Main clause :“For Everything was written to teach us”
– Relative clause ” that was written in the past” modifying ” everything”
– Adverb clause of purpose ” so that through endurance and the encouragement of the Scripture we might have hope.”
We can rewrite this clause like this:
So that we might have hope through endurance and the encouragement of the Scripture.
( According to the grammartical structure of the sentence which has meaning : Mọi sự mà đã được chép trong quá khứ thì đã được chép để dạy dỗ chúng ta để bởi sự nhịn nhục và sự khích lệ của kinh thánh mà chúng ta có thể có được sự hy vọng.)
” Mọi sự đã được chép từ xưa là để dạy dỗ chúng ta, hầu cho bởi sự nhịn nhục và sự an ủi của Thánh kinh dạy mà chúng ta được sự trông cậy” ( 2014 MSTS NC).4/ “May the God who gives endurance and encouragement give you a spirit of unity among yourselves as you follow Christ Jesus, so that with one heart and mouth you may glorify the God and Father of our Lord Jesus Christ.” ( v 5+6)
According to the grammartical structure v5 and V6 make up a complete sentence .
V5 is main clause with a subordinate clause ( relative clause: ” who gives endurance and encouragement”. And the adverb clause of time ” As you follow Christ Jesus”
V6 is adverb clause of purpose ( mệnh đề trạng ngữ chỉ mục đích) (nguyền xin Đức Chúa Trời Đấng kcho anh em sự chịu đựng và sự khích lệ ban cho anh em một tâm tình hiệp một trong vòng anh em khi anh em theo Christ Jesus để với một lòng và một miệng anh em có thể ca ngợi Đức Chúa Trời và là Cha của chúa Jesus Christ chúng ta)
5/ “But now that there is no more place for me to work in these regions, and since I have been longing for many years to see you, I plan to do so when I go to Spain. I hope to visit you while passing through and to have you assist me on my journey there, after I have enjoyed your company for a while.” (v 23+ 24).
Two these verses build up a complete sentence.
+ Main clause ” I plan to do so”
+ 3 subordinate clauses:
Among them:
– 2 adverb clauses of reason ( mệnh đề trạng ngữ chỉ lý do)
a/ ” Now that ( vì) there is no more place for me to work in these regions”
b/ ” Since ( vì) I have been longing for many years to see you.”
b/ the adverb clause of time ( mệnh đề trạng ngữ chỉ thời gian) ” when I go to Spain” ( khi tôi đi đến Tây Ban Nha (Y Pha Nho).
Conclusion:
I think after studying Romans 15 you can understand God’s will more clearly.” I keep asking that the God of our Lord Jesus Christ, the glorious Father, may give you the Spirit of wisdom and revelation, so that you may know him better” ( Ephesians 1:17)
BAN BIÊN TẬP
( Prepared by Mục sư Nguyễn Đức Na)
Giáo Hôi Tin Lành Liên Hiệp
Toàn Cầu-Việt Nam.
ROMANS 14
The Weak and the Strong
1 Accept him whose faith is weak, without passing judgment on disputable matters.
2 One man’s faith allows him to eat everything, but another man, whose faith is weak, eats only vegetables.
3 The man who eats everything must not look down on him who does not, and the man who does not eat everything must not condemn the man who does, for God has accepted him.
4 Who are you to judge someone else’s servant? To his own master he stands or falls. And he will stand, for the Lord is able to make him stand.
5One man considers one day more sacred than another; another man considers every day alike. Each one should be fully convinced in his own mind.
6 He who regards one day as special, does so to the Lord. He who eats meat, eats to the Lord, for he gives thanks to God; and he who abstains, does so to the Lord and gives thanks to God.
7 For none of us lives to himself alone and none of us dies to himself alone.
8 If we live, we live to the Lord; and if we die, we die to the Lord. So, whether we live or die, we belong to the Lord.
9 For this very reason, Christ died and returned to life so that he might be the Lord of both the dead and the living.
10 You, then, why do you judge your brother? Or why do you look down on your brother? For we will all stand before God’s judgment seat.
11 It is written: ” ‘As surely as I live,’ says the Lord, ‘every knee will bow before me; every tongue will confess to God.’ ”
12 So then, each of us will give an account of himself to God.
13 Therefore let us stop passing judgment on one another. Instead, make up your mind not to put any stumbling block or obstacle in your brother’s way.
14 As one who is in the Lord Jesus, I am fully convinced that no food is unclean in itself. But if anyone regards something as unclean, then for him it is unclean.
15 If your brother is distressed because of what you eat, you are no longer acting in love. Do not by your eating destroy your brother for whom Christ died.
16 Do not allow what you consider good to be spoken of as evil.
17 For the kingdom of God is not a matter of eating and drinking, but of righteousness, peace and joy in the Holy Spirit,
18 because anyone who serves Christ in this way is pleasing to God and approved by men.
19 Let us therefore make every effort to do what leads to peace and to mutual edification.
20 Do not destroy the work of God for the sake of food. All food is clean, but it is wrong for a man to eat anything that causes someone else to stumble.
21 It is better not to eat meat or drink wine or to do anything else that will cause your brother to fall.
22 So whatever you believe about these things keep between yourself and God. Blessed is the man who does not condemn himself by what he approves.
23 But the man who has doubts is condemned if he eats, because his eating is not from faith; and everything that does not come from faith is sin.
I/ Introduction:
Let’s continue to study Romans 14 which expresses the ideas of accepting the person whose faith is weak without passing judgement on disputable matters with some clear examples.
II/ Vocabulary:
– To pass judgement on a matter (v1): đưa ra nhận xét/ định tội một vấn đề.
– Disputable (a) :có thể tranh cải (v1).
– To look down: khinh dễ; coi thường.
– Condemn: xét đoán; kết án(v3).
– To abstain: kiên cử; nhịn (v6).
– Judgement/ judgment seat: toà án (10).
– To bow: cúi đầu; khom lưng; quỳ gối. (V11)
– To give an account ( of): Khai trinh ( về).(12)
– To make up one’s mind: quyết định.( 13)
– obstacle (n) chướng ngại vật.(13)
– Convinced (a): tin chắc.(14)
– Distressed (a) đau buồn (25)
– To make every effort:cố gắng hết sức mình.(19)
– Edification (n): sự soi sáng (19)
– Edifying )v) soi sáng.
– For the sake of: vì (20) ; for God’s sake: vì Chúa,
– To cause: gây ra ( 21).
III/ Difficult sentences:
1/ “Accept him whose faith is weak, without passing judgment on disputable matters.” ( v1)
” passing” is gerund ( danh động từ) because it is the object of preposition ” without”.
Dịch sát theo ngữ pháp của câu:
(Hãy tiếp nhận người mà đức tin của họ còn yếu mà không bàn luận để định tội)
– Hãy tiếp nhận người yếu đức tin, đừng tranh luận với họ về các quan điểm ( Bản tuyền thống hiệu đính)
Mục sư tiến sĩ Nguyễn Cảnh theo Ông dịch từ bản gốc tiếng Hy lạp: Hãy tiếp nhận kẻ kém đức tin, đừng có ý đoán xét.
2/“Who are you to judge someone else’s servant?” (v4a).
We can use possessive case with someone else:
” someone else’s servant”
( đày tớ của một người ( nào đó) khác.)
Some other examples:
a/ “And if you have not been trustworthy with someone else’s property who will give you property of your own.” ( Luke 16:12)
b/ ” It has always been my ambition to preach the Godpel where Christ was not known, so that I would not be building on someone else’s foundation”.
( Sự ham muốn của tôi luôn luôn là giảng phúc âm ở nơi nào mà Đấng Christ chưa được biết đến để tôi sẽ không lập trên nền của người khác.)
Lưu ý trong câu này ” It “ is expletive , false subject; ” to preach Gospel …” is the real subject.
“Would not be building” is subjunctive tense ( thì giả định).
c/ Naomi said to Ruth, her daughter-in-law,” It will be good for you, my daughter, to go with the women who work for him, because someone else’s field you might be harmed.” ( Ruth2:22)
3/ “One man considers one day more sacred than another; another man considers every day alike. Each one should be fully convinced in his own mind.” (v5)
“Consider” is the kind of verb which has an object and an objective complement .
” one day” and ” every day” are objects .
” more sacred than other” and ” alike” are objective complements
(Một người coi/ xem một ngày (là)
thánh hơn ngày khác; người khác lại coi mọi ngày ( thì) giống nhau.
4/ “For this very reason, Christ died and returned to life so that he might be the Lord of both the dead and the living.” (V9)
” dead” and ” living” are adjectives used as a noun with article ” the” put right before it.( hạng người sống và loại người chết )
” The Weak and the Strong” are used in the same way.
5/ “So whatever you believe about these things keep between yourself and God. Blessed is the man who does not condemn himself by what he approves.” ( V22)
” whatever” is double relative pronoun which means ” anything that”
We can rewrite this sentence like this:
So anything that you believe about these things keep between yourself and God. Blessed is the man who does not condemn himself by what he approved.
Relative pronouns ” that” must be used after indefinite pronoun ” anything”
Sát nghĩa theo ngữ pháp trong câu thì có thể hiểu như sau :
Bất cứ điều gì mà ngươi tin về các việc này hãy giữ giữa ngươi và Đức Chúa Trời.Phước cho kẻ không định tội chính mình bởi những gì mình đã ưng thuận.
6/ “But the man who has doubts is condemned if he eats, because his eating is not from faith; and everything that does not come from faith is sin.” (v 23)
Relative pronoun “that” must be used after indefinite pronoun ” everything” that is we may not use relative pronoun “which” here.
Các bạn có thể hiểu rõ nghĩa của câu theo ngữ pháp đã được sử dụng.
MS TS Nguyễn Cảnh dịch như vầy theo nguyên ngữ Hy lạp :
Những ai có lòng nghi ngờ về đồ mình ăn, thì người ấy đã bị định tội rồi , vì chẳng làm bởi đức tin. Phàm làm điều chi không bởi đức tin là tội lỗi.
We hope to help you to study Bible (NIV) through grammar and you can understand God’s will more clearly.
Ban Biên Tập.
( Prepared by MS JosephNa)
ROMANS 13
Submission to the Authorities
1 Everyone must submit himself to the governing authorities, for there is no authority except that which God has established. The authorities that exist have been established by God.
2 Consequently, he who rebels against the authority is rebelling against what God has instituted, and those who do so will bring judgment on themselves.
3 For rulers hold no terror for those who do right, but for those who do wrong. Do you want to be free from fear of the one in authority? Then do what is right and he will commend you.
4 For he is God’s servant to do you good. But if you do wrong, be afraid, for he does not bear the sword for nothing. He is God’s servant, an agent of wrath to bring punishment on the wrongdoer.
5 Therefore, it is necessary to submit to the authorities, not only because of possible punishment but also because of conscience.
6 This is also why you pay taxes, for the authorities are God’s servants, who give their full time to governing.
7 Give everyone what you owe him: If you owe taxes, pay taxes; if revenue, then revenue; if respect, then respect; if honor, then honor.
Love, for the Day Is Near
8 Let no debt remain outstanding, except the continuing debt to love one another, for he who loves his fellowman has fulfilled the law.
9 The commandments, “Do not commit adultery,” “Do not murder,” “Do not steal,” “Do not covet,” and whatever other commandment there may be, are summed up in this one rule: “Love your neighbor as yourself.”
10 Love does no harm to its neighbor. Therefore love is the fulfillment of the law.
11 And do this, understanding the present time. The hour has come for you to wake up from your slumber, because our salvation is nearer now than when we first believed.
12 The night is nearly over; the day is almost here. So let us put aside the deeds of darkness and put on the armor of light.
13 Let us behave decently, as in the daytime, not in orgies and drunkenness, not in sexual immorality and debauchery, not in dissension and jealousy.
14 Rather, clothe yourselves with the Lord Jesus Christ, and do not think about how to gratify the desires of the sinful nature.
Bản Phổ Thông dịch thế thế này:” Anh chi em phải vâng phục chính quyền, vì chẳng ai có thể cầm quyền nếu Thượng Đế không cho phép.”
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ROMANS 12
Living Sacrifices
1 Therefore, I urge you, brothers, in view of God’s mercy, to offer your bodies as living sacrifices, holy and pleasing to God–this is your spiritual act of worship.
2 Do not conform any longer to the pattern of this world, but be transformed by the renewing of your mind. Then you will be able to test and approve what God’s will is–his good, pleasing and perfect will.
3 For by the grace given me I say to every one of you: Do not think of yourself more highly than you ought, but rather think of yourself with sober judgment, in accordance with the measure of faith God has given you.
4 Just as each of us has one body with many members, and these members do not all have the same function,
5 so in Christ we who are many form one body, and each member belongs to all the others.
6 We have different gifts, according to the grace given us. If a man’s gift is prophesying, let him use it in proportion to his faith.
7 If it is serving, let him serve; if it is teaching, let him teach;
8 if it is encouraging, let him encourage; if it is contributing to the needs of others, let him give generously; if it is leadership, let him govern diligently; if it is showing mercy, let him do it cheerfully.
Love
9 Love must be sincere. Hate what is evil; cling to what is good.
10 Be devoted to one another in brotherly love. Honor one another above yourselves.
11 Never be lacking in zeal, but keep your spiritual fervor, serving the Lord.
12 Be joyful in hope, patient in affliction, faithful in prayer.
13 Share with God’s people who are in need. Practice hospitality.
14 Bless those who persecute you; bless and do not curse.
15 Rejoice with those who rejoice; mourn with those who mourn.
16 Live in harmony with one another.Do not be proud, but be willing to associate with people of low position. Do not be conceited.
17 Do not repay anyone evil for evil. Be careful to do what is right in the eyes of everybody.
18 If it is possible, as far as it depends on you, live at peace with everyone.
19 Do not take revenge, my friends, but leave room for God’s wrath, for it is written: “It is mine to avenge; I will repay,” says the Lord.
20 On the contrary: “If your enemy is hungry, feed him; if he is thirsty, give him something to drink. In doing this, you will heap burning coals on his head.”
21 Do not be overcome by evil, but overcome evil with good.
Let’s continue Romans 12.
May the Lord Spirit reveal the mystery in God’s words which we are studying.
A/ VOCABULARY :
– to conform to : làm theo.
– to transform: Thay đổi, biến hoá.(v2)
– with sober judgment: không thiên vị.
– in accordance with: phù hợp với .
– diligent (a): ( v8): siêng năng, mẫn cán. Diligently (adv).diligence (n)
– devoted (a) hết lòng, tận tâm (v10)
– to be in need (13): cùng túng, túng thiếu, khốn khổ
– to mour (15) than khóc.
– to live at peace (v18): sống hoà thuận.
– revenge (n) : sự trả thù.(19).
– to avenge : báo thù, trả thù.
– to heap (v20): chất đống.
– to overcome, overcame, overcome .(21): thắng, đánh bại.
B/ REVIEW:
+ Possessive case (sở hữu cách)
– God’s mercy (v1)
– God’s will (v2)
– God’s people (v13).
– God’s wrath (v19).
– a man’s gift (6).
Please refer to Roman 2 for this grammar.It is important because “God’s love” is different from “the love of God”.
C/ GRAMMAR:
I/ IMPERATIVE MOOD : ( Mệnh lệnh cách)
In Romans 12 almost ideas are expressed by the imperative sentences; especially from verse 9 to 21.
We use the imperative to indicate an order or an advice ( mệnh lệnh hay một lời khuyên)
1/ With the 2nd person ( ngôi thứ nhì).
– ” Do not conform any longer to the pattern of this world, but be transformed by the renewing of your mind.” (V2).
In spoken English “don’t” used instead of ” do not”.
a/ Negative ( phủ định): we use ” don’t ” or ” Never” just before bare infinitive verb. ( đừng , đừng bao giờ)
“… Never tire of doing what is good” ( Thessalonians 3:13).
b/ Affermative ( xác định): we use bare infinitive.( Hãy…)
” …be transformed ( passive) by the renewing of your mind.”
” Be devoted to one another in brotherly love. ( V10).
” Bless those who persecute you; bless and do not curse “(V14)
” Rejoice with those who rejoice; mourn with those who mourn.”(V15)
” Live in harmony with one another. Do not be proud, but be willing to associate with people of low position. Do not be conceited.”(V16).
” Do not repay any one evil for evil. Be careful to do what is right in the eyes of everybody.”( 17)
2/ With other persons ( các ngôi khác)
We use : let+ noun/ object pronoun+ bare infinitive.
a/ the first person in singular and plural: ( ngôi thứ nhất số ít và số nhiều)
” Let ME hear joy and gladness; let the bones crushed rejoice“ (Psalm 52:8)
” Rise! Let US go! Here comes my betrayer! “( Matt 26:46)
b/ The 3rd person singular and plural: ( ngôi thứ 3 số ít và số nhiều)
” Then let my arm fall from my shoulder, Let it be broken ( bị vở ra) off at the joint” ( Job 31:22)
” He who has ears, let him hear” ( Matt 11:15)
” Let them live, but let them be woodcutters and water-carriers for the entire community” ( Joshua 9:22)
II/ THE KINDS of IMPERATIVE SENTENCE: ( các loại cau mệnh lệnh )
1/ Single sentence:( câu đơn) một mệnh đề
–” Do not repay anyone evil for evil”( V17)
– ” Listen to me,…” ( 2 Chro 15:3)
2/ Compound sentence (câu ghép) có 2 mệnh đề.
” Do not be proud, but be willing to associate with people of low position”.
3/ Complex sentence (câu phức) một mệnh đề chính và mệnh đề phụ.
a/ With conditional clause ( if clause)
–” IF your enemy is hungry, feed him“ ( Rom 12:6)
b/ With adverb clause of time( m/đ trạng từ chỉ thời gian)
” Seek the Lord while he may be found; call on him while he is near.”(Isaiah 55:6)
c/ with a participle phrase ( ngữ phân từ/ động tỉnh từ.)
– ” Never be lacking in zeal, keep your spiritual fervor, Serving the Lord.” ( Rom 12:11)
Đây là câu mệnh lệnh có ngữ pháp tương đối phức tạp và diễn tả một mênh lệnh hay một lời khuyên bảo hết sức quý báu trong suốt thời gian của người chăn bầy, đầy tớ Chúa.
Đề nghị lưu ý:
+Trong câu dùng ” to be lacking in sth” mà không dùng “to lack”
+ Dùng “serving” chứ không dùng “serve”.
Ngữ phân từ này thực chất là của mệnh đề chỉ thời gian :” while/when you are serving God.”
Theo ngữ pháp trong câu cho ta thấy rằng trong suốt thời gian hầu việc Chúa ,(tiếp diển) ta đừng bao giờ ( never) thiếu lòng nhiệt tình trong suốt thời gian ấy; phải tiếp tục ( keep) giữ lòng sốt sắn thiêng liêng.
Hãy tham khảo bản New King James Version ( NKJV) thì càng rõ ý tưởng của câu KT này .
” not lagging( tuột hậu) in diligence ( cần mẫn ), fervent in spirit, serving the Lord.”( NKJV)
IMPERATIVE MOOD
PRESENT TENSE
Affirmative form (thể khẳng định)
Let me help
Help
Let him/her/it help
Let us help
Help
Let them help
Negative form (thể phủ định)
Let me not help = Don’t let me help
Don’t help = Don’t help
Let him/her/it not help = Don’t let him/her/it help
Let us not help = Don’t let us help
Don’t help = Don’t help
Let them not help = Don’t let them help
III/ PARTICIPLE USED AS AN ADJECTIVE ( phân từ/ động tính từ) được dùng như tỉnh từ.
1/ Past Participle.
” Do not be overcome by evil, but overcome evil with good”(V 21)
” be overcome” is past participle ( đừng bị đánh bại bởi điều ác, ở thể bị động)
” overcome evil” ở thể mệnh lệnh chủ động.
2/ Present participle.
” Then these men went as a group and found Daniel praying and asking God for help” ( Daniel 6:11)( NIV)
” Every man who prays or prophesies with his head covered dishonor his head” ( I Cor 12:4) NIV
Trong NKJV thì dùng present participle ” Every man praying and prophesying with his head covered dishonor his head.”
Dịch thì có nhiều cách, nhưng ý của Chúa trong lời Ngài thì duy nhất.
Mục “STUDY BIBLE THROUGH GRAMMAR “ là Khải tượng được kêu gọi phục vụ cho điều đó .
Amen
Ban Biên Tập
( Prepared by Pastor Joseph Na)
ROMANS 11
The Remnant of Israel
1 I ask then: Did God reject his people? By no means! I am an Israelite myself, a descendant of Abraham, from the tribe of Benjamin.
2 God did not reject his people,whom he foreknew. Don’t you know what the Scripture says in the passage about Elijah–how he appealed to God against Israel:
3 “Lord, they have killed your prophets and torn down your altars; I am the only one left, and they are trying to kill me” ?
4 And what was God’s answer to him? “I have reserved for myself seven thousand who have not bowed the knee to Baal.”
5 So too, at the present time there is a remnant chosen by grace.
6And if by grace, then it is no longer by works; if it were, grace would no longer be grace.
7 What then? What Israel sought so earnestly it did not obtain, but the elect did. The others were hardened,
8 as it is written: “God gave them a spirit of stupor, eyes so that they could not see and ears so that they could not hear, to this very day.”
9 And David says: “May their table become a snare and a trap, a stumbling block and a retribution for them.
10 May their eyes be darkened so they cannot see, and their backs be bent forever.”
Ingrafted Branches
11 Again I ask: Did they stumble so as to fall beyond recovery? Not at all! Rather, because of their transgression, salvation has come to the Gentiles to make Israel envious.
12 But if their transgression means riches for the world, and their loss means riches for the Gentiles, how much greater riches will their fullness bring!
13 I am talking to you Gentiles. Inasmuch as I am the apostle to the Gentiles, I make much of my ministry
14 in the hope that I may somehow arouse my own people to envy and savesome of them.
15 For if their rejection is the reconciliation of the world, what will their acceptance be but life from the dead?
16 If the part of the dough offered as firstfruits is holy, then the whole batch is holy; if the root is holy, so are the branches.
17 If some of the branches have been broken off, and you, though a wild olive shoot, have been grafted in among the others and now share in the nourishing sap from the olive root,
18do not boast over those branches. If you do, consider this: You do not support the root, but the root supports you.
19 You will say then, “Branches were broken off so that I could be grafted in.”
20 Granted. But they were broken off because of unbelief, and you stand by faith. Do not be arrogant, but be afraid.
21 For if God did not spare the natural branches, he will not spare you either.
22 Consider therefore the kindness and sternness of God: sternness to those who fell, but kindness to you, provided that you continue in his kindness. Otherwise, you also will be cut off.
23 And if they do not persist in unbelief, they will be grafted in, for God is able to graft them in again.
24 After all, if you were cut out of an olive tree that is wild by nature, and contrary to nature were grafted into a cultivated olive tree, how much more readily will these, the natural branches, be grafted into their own olive tree!
All Israel Will Be Saved
25 I do not want you to be ignorant of this mystery, brothers, so that you may not be conceited: Israel has experienced a hardening in part until the full number of the Gentiles has come in.
26 And so all Israel will be saved, as it is written: “The deliverer will come from Zion; he will turn godlessness away from Jacob.
27 And this is my covenant with them when I take away their sins.”
28 As far as the gospel is concerned, they are enemies on your account; but as far as election is concerned, they are loved on account of the patriarchs,
29 for God’s gifts and his call are irrevocable.
30 Just as you who were at one time disobedient to God have now received mercy as a result of their disobedience,
31 so they too have now become disobedient in order that they too may now receive mercy as a result of God’s mercy to you.
32 For God has bound all men over to disobedience so that he may have mercy on them all.
Doxology
33 Oh, the depth of the riches of the wisdom and knowledge of God! How unsearchable his judgments, and his paths beyond tracing out!
34 “Who has known the mind of the Lord? Or who has been his counselor?”
35 “Who has ever given to God, that God should repay him?”
36 For from him and through him and to him are all things. To him be the glory forever! Amen.
Lời mở đầu
Với tinh thần nghiên cứu lời Chúa để rỏ ý muốn Ngài cũng như rỏ ân điển của Ngài đối với tuyển dân Do thái cũng như dân ngoại hầu cho chúng ta biết được sự khôn ngoan và sự thông sáng của Ngài là vô hạn! Không ai có thể giải thích phê phán hay hiểu được đường lối Ngài.
Nguyền vinh hiển thuộc về Ngài đời đời.! Amen.
Chúng ta nghiên cứu tiếp Romans 11A/ VOCABULARY: ( những từ có thể là khó hiểu và mới trong đoạn)
– Remnant (n) xem Romans 9:7
– Appeal (v) : kêu ca, oán trách.((v2)
– to bow the Knee : quỳ gối, thờ lạy.(v4)
– Stupor(n): khù khờ, đờ đẩn.(v8)
– Snare ( n) bẩy sập, lưới.(v9)
– Retribution (n) : sự trừng phạt.((v9)
– Sap (n) : nhựa cây (v17)
– To ingraft : ghép ( cây) ( 23-24)
– Transgression (n): sự vi phạm, tội lỗi(v11)
– envious (a) ganh tỵ.(v11)
– dough (n): bột nhồi,
– batch (n) mẻ bánh( v16)
– To spare : tiếc ( v21)
– stern (a) : nghiêm khắc; sternness (n) sự nghiêm khắc.(21)
– Cultivated (a) được trồng tỉa.( v24)
– ignorant(a) dốt nát; không biết.
He is not stupid, just ignorant! ( v25)
– Mystery (n) sự mầu nhiệm. (V25)
– Doxology (n) bài ca ngợi Cứu Chúa.B/ REVIEW:
1/ Emphatic pronouns : myself… ( Romans 9 )
2/ Participle phrases Ngữ phân từ.( Romans 10)
” chosen by grace” passive participle phrase. ( v5).C/ GRAMMAR: ( difficult sentences)
1/ Negative questions ( Câu hỏi phủ định)
” Don’t you know what the Scripture say …”
We can rewrite this sentence like this : Do you not know what….
( Anh em há không biết …. sao? )2/ Trong đoạn này có dùng các câu điều kiện với những trường hợp khác nhau. Trong những đoạn trước chúng ta đã nghiên cứu các trường hợp điều kiện giả sử ở hiện tại và giả định ở quá khứ.
Trong ngữ pháp/ văn phạm tiếng Anh thì của động từ ( tenses) Trong mệnh đề “if” và mệnh đề chính của câu điều kiện phải theo một quy luật rất khắc khe. Nói cách khác muốn biết đều kiện đó như thế nào phải xem xét tenses và cũng vậy muốn biểu đạt một điều kiện thì phải dùng thì đúng cách. Đây là điều khó khăn đối với người Việt chúng ta về loại câu này.
Chúng ta hãy xem 3 trường hợp dùng câu điều kiện trong đoạn 11 này:
a/” And if by grace, then it is no longer by works; if it were, grace would no longer be grace.”
Trong câu ghép này, câu đầu là điều kiện hoàn toàn có thật: đã bởi ân điển ( salvation) thì sự cứu chuộc đó không còn bởi việc làm nữa.( đó là kết quả chắn chắn xảy ra theo điều kiện đó .)
Formation of this condition:
“If” clause… Simple present , main clause … Simple present.Câu tiếp theo là điều kiện giả sử ở hiện tại : giả sử sự cứu chuộc là bởi việc làm thì ân điển không còn là ân điển nữa.( đây là điều kiện không thật ở hiện tại vì ân điển của Chúa ban cho chính ta một cách nhưng không chỉ cần đem lòng tin nhận lảnh là được.
Formation of this sentence:
” If clause… Present subjunctive tense (were) , main clause … Present conditional tense ( would+ bare infinitive).
Tương tự câu 16:
” If the part of the dough offered as first fruit is holy, then the whole batch is holy; if the root is holy, so are the branches.”b/ ” If some of the branches have been broken of, and you, though a wild olive shoot, have been grafted in among the others and now share in the nourishing sap from the olive shoot, do not boast over those branches.If you do, consider this.” ( v 17-18).
Trong câu điều kiện này thi present perfect passive được dùng trong 2 mệnh đề để điển tả tình trạng anh em là những nhánh olive hoang đã bị gảy ( have been broken )nhưng không bị bỏ mà đã được ghép ( have been grafted )vào gốc olive thật và hiện giờ anh em thực sự đang nhận được ( share )nhựa sống từ gốc olive thật .
Đây là loại câu điều kiện có thật nhưng tiến trình diễn tiến từ quá khứ cho đến hiện tại.c/ ” For if God did not spare the natural branches, he will not spare you either”( v 21)
Vì nếu Đức Chúa Trời không thương tiếc những nhánh tự nhiên đó ( nhưng thực sự Ngài thương tiếc nhánh tự nhiên đó là dân Do thái; động từ được dùng ở thì past subjunctive để diển tả giả định: “did not spare”, thì Ngài cũng sẽ không thương xót anh em.( nhưng thực sự Ngài thương tiếc các nhành tự nhiên nên Ngài cũng thương tiếc anh chị em )
Đây là loại câu điều kiện kết hợp ý tưởng trong 2 mệnh đề.
Reference to Matt 26:24
” the Son of Man will go just as it is written about him. But woe to that man who betrays the Son of Man! It would be better for him if he had not been born“ Chúa Jesus nói về kẻ phản Ngài : Giá như nó đừng sinh ra thì tốt hơn cho nó. Nhưng thực sự kẻ phản Ngài đã sinh ra nên thì past subjunctive được dùng để diển tả một điều không có thực ở quá khứ và mệnh đề chính thì present conditional ( would be ) để nói lên kết quả không thực ở hiện tại .( chẳng tốt hơn cho kẻ phản bội chút nào)3/” Again I ask : Did they stumble so as to fall beyond recovery? Not at all ! Rather because of their transgression, salvation has come to the Gentiles to make Israel envious.” ( V 11)
“Israel” is a noun, direct object to “to make”; ” envious” is an adjective, objective complement to ” to make”.( sự cứu rỗi đã đến với dân ngoại làm cho Israel ganh tỵ)4/ “To him be the glory forever! Amen. “ ( V 36b)
“Be” in the sentences is present subjunctive to be used to express a prayer or a wish.
This sentence is in inversion ( đảo ngử để nhấn mạnh)
( Nguyền xin sự vinh hiển thuộc về Ngài mãi mãi! Amen)
This sentence can be rewritten like this: The glory be to him forever!” I keep asking that the God of our Lord Jesus Christ, the glorious Father, may give you the Spirit of wisdom and revelation, so that you may know him better” ( Eph 1:17 )
Ban Biên Tập
(Prepared by Pastor Nguyễn Đức Na)
ROMANS 10
“1 Brothers and sisters, my heart’s desire and prayer to God for the Israelites is that they may be saved. 2 For I can testify about them that they are zealous for God, but their zeal is not based on knowledge. 3Since they did not know the righteousness that comes from God and sought to establish their own, they did not submit to God’s righteousness. 4 Christ is the end of the law so that there may be righteousness for everyone who believes. 5 Moses describes in this way the righteousness that is by the law: “The man who does these things will live by them.” 6 But the righteousness that is by faith says: “Do not say in your heart, ‘Who will ascend into heaven?’ “ (that is, to bring Christ down) 7 “or ‘Who will descend into the deep?’ “ (that is, to bring Christ up from the dead). 8 But what does it say? “The word is near you; it is in your mouth and in your heart,” that is, the word of faith we are proclaiming: 9 That if you confess with your mouth, “Jesus is Lord,” and believe in your heart that God raised him from the dead, you will be saved. 10 For it is with your heart that you believe and are justified, and it is with your mouth that you confess and are saved. 11 As the Scripture says, “Anyone who trusts in him will never be put to shame.” 12 For there is no difference between Jew and Gentile–the same Lord is Lord of all and richly blesses all who call on him, 13 for, “Everyone who calls on the name of the Lord will be saved.” 14 How, then, can they call on the one they have not believed in? And how can they believe in the one of whom they have not heard? And how can they hear without someone preaching to them? 15 And how can they preach unless they are sent? As it is written, “How beautiful are the feet of those who bring good news!” 16 But not all the Israelites accepted the good news. For Isaiah says, “Lord, who has believed our message?” 17 Consequently, faith comes from hearing the message, and the message is heard through the word of Christ. 18 But I ask: Did they not hear? Of course they did: “Their voice has gone out into all the earth, their words to the ends of the world.” 19 Again I ask: Did Israel not understand? First, Moses says, “I will make you envious by those who are not a nation; I will make you angry by a nation that has no understanding.” 20 And Isaiah boldly says, “I was found by those who did not seek me; I revealed myself to those who did not ask for me.” 21But concerning Israel he says, “All day long I have held out my hands to a disobedient and obstinate people.”
Roman 10 is one of three ones ( 9-11) which show that there is no difference between Jew and Gentile from salvation.
Let’s study some grammars which may trouble us to understand God’words.
A/ Some difficult words and phrases:
– Zeal (n): lòng nhiệt thành(v2)
– Zealous (a) nhiệt tình (v2)
– to submit (v) thuận phục. (V3).
– Culmination ( n): sự cuối cùng (v4).= the end
– to ascend (v) lên (v6); descend : xuống (v7).
– to be put to shame:bị hổ thẹn .(11)
– Gentile (n) :người ngoại ( không phải người Do thái).(12)
– to Profess: tuyên xưng (v10).
– to call on : kêu cầu (v14).
– to hear of : nghe về (v14).
– message: (n): sứ điệp, lời truyền giảng ( 8, 16,17).
– envious (a): ganh tỵ, ganh ghét.(v19).
– Boldly (adv) : mạnh dạn, bạo dạn (v20)
– Obstinate ( a): ngoan cố, ương nghạnh (v21).
Disobedient (a).bất tuân; không vâng lời (v21).
B/ Review:
1/ Exclamatory sentenced with ( câu cảm thán) (reference in Ro 7.)
2/ Those who = people who ( in Ro 8)
3/ Unless ( subordinate cọnjunction) trừ phi = if…not.( Ro 9)
C/ GRAMMAR: Difficult sentences.
1/ ” Brothers and sisters, my heart’s desire and my prayer to God for the Israelites is that they may be saved.”
– The phrase ” Brothers and sisters” is independent to the sentences : Ngữ này độc lập với câu:( hởi anh chi em , thưa anh chị em, anh chị em ơi.) có nhiều cách dịch
– The main parts of the sentence :
a/ “my heart’s desire”: sự ao ước của lòng tôi.
b/ ” My prayer to God for Israelites”: Lời nguyện cầu của tôi với Thượng đế cho dân Y-sơ -ra-ên.”
* Two these phrases are combined with conjunction “and” and make subject to finite verb “is” ( hai ngữ này được liên kết với liên từ “and” và làm chủ từ cho động từ đã chia ” is”.
c/ ” that they may be saved”
– từ ” that” is expletive ( từ không có nghĩa trong câu mà chỉ có chức năng ngữ pháp.) is used before a noun clause.
– ” they may be saved”: this clause is used in the passive voice.( mệnh đề này được dùng ở thể thụ động ( có thể được cứu ).
Maybe you can understand this sentence clearly and I hope you can give a clearest and the most interesting translation into our mother language .
2/ ” How can they believe in the one of whom they have not heard.”
This question has 2 clauses:
– ” How can they believe in the one”.
” the one” in the sentence is a pronoun which replaces the noun just talked right before .
– of whom: whom is relative pronoun, its antecedent is the one, is object to preposition ” of ” ; to hear of.( whom là đại từ liên hệ, tiên hành từ của nó là ” the one”, làm túc từ cho giới từ ” of”.
Ta cũng có thể viết lại câu này như sau:
How can they believe in the one whom they have not heard of”.
Hope you can have a best translation for it.
3/ “How can they hear without someone preaching to them.”
– in this sentence :
” without someone” : someone is object to preposition ” without”, so it can not be subject to preach.
” preaching to them” is participle phrase active.( Ro 8).
Can you rewrite this sentence with a relative clause.
4/” How beautiful are the feet of those who bring good news”
This sentence is a exclamatory one with an adjective.
We must use the Word ” HOW” at the beginning of the sentence ( review at Ro 7)
It is better to rewrite this exclamatory sentence like this:
How beautiful the feet of those who bring good new are!
Reference: ” How beautiful you are, my darling! ” ( Solomon 1:15)
5/ ” And how can anyone preach unless they are sent.”( review Ro 9)
This sentence can be rewritten like this:
” How can anyone preach if they are not sent.”.
May The Holy Spirit teach us and help us to understand God’s words.
+ We are looking forward to hearing from you.
BBT
( prepared by Pastor JosephNa)
Romans 9 ( NIV )
1 I speak the truth in Christ–I am not lying, my conscience confirms it in the Holy Spirit– 2 I have great sorrow and unceasing anguish in my heart. 3 For I could wish that I myself were cursed and cut off from Christ for the sake of my brothers, those of my own race, 4 the people of Israel.Theirs is the adoption as sons; theirs the divine glory, the covenants, the receiving of the law, thetemple worship and the promises. 5 Theirs are the patriarchs, and from them is traced the human ancestry of Christ, who is God over all, forever praised! Amen. 6 It is not as though God’s wordhad failed. For not all who are descended from Israel are Israel. 7 Nor because they are his descendants are they all Abraham’s children. On the contrary, “It is through Isaac that your offspring will be reckoned.” 8 In other words, it is not the natural children who are God’s children,but it is the children of the promise who are regarded as Abraham’s offspring. 9 For this was how the promise was stated: “At the appointed time I will return, and Sarah will have a son.” 10 Not only that, but Rebekah’s children had one and the same father, our father Isaac. 11 Yet, before the twins were born or had done anything good or bad–in order that God’s purpose in election might stand: 12 not by works but by him who calls–she was told, “The older will serve the younger.” 13 Just as it is written: “Jacob I loved, but Esau I hated.” 14 What then shall we say? Is God unjust? Not at all! 15 For he says to Moses, “I will have mercy on whom I have mercy, and I will have compassion on whom I have compassion.” 16 It does not, therefore, depend on man’s desire or effort, but on God’s mercy. 17 For the Scripture says to Pharaoh: “I raised you up for this very purpose, that I might display my power in you and that my name might be proclaimed in all the earth.” 18 Therefore God has mercy on whom he wants to have mercy, and he hardens whom he wants to harden. 19 One of you will say to me: “Then why does God still blame us? For who resists his will?” 20 But who are you, O man, to talk back to God? “Shall what is formed say to him who formed it, ‘Why did you make me like this?’ “ 21 Does not the potter have the right to make out of the same lump of clay some pottery for noble purposes and some for common use?22 What if God, choosing to show his wrath and make his power known, bore with great patiencethe objects of his wrath–prepared for destruction? 23 What if he did this to make the riches of his glory known to the objects of his mercy, whom he prepared in advance for glory— 24 even us, whom he also called, not only from the Jews but also from the Gentiles? 25 As he says in Hosea: “I will call them ‘my people’ who are not my people; and I will call her ‘my loved one’ who is not my loved one,” 26 and, “It will happen that in the very place where it was said to them, ‘You are not my people,’ they will be called ‘sons of the living God.’ “ 27 Isaiah cries out concerning Israel: “Though the number of the Israelites be like the sand by the sea, only the remnant will be saved.28 For the Lord will carry out his sentence on earth with speed and finality.” 29 It is just as Isaiah said previously: “Unless the Lord Almighty had left us descendants, we would have become like Sodom, we would have been like Gomorrah.”Israel’s Unbelief30 What then shall we say? That the Gentiles, who did not pursue righteousness, have obtained it, a righteousness that is by faith; 31 but Israel, who pursued a law of righteousness, has not attained it. 32 Why not? Because they pursued it not by faith but as if it were by works. They stumbled over the “stumbling stone.” 33 As it is written: “See, I lay in Zion a stone that causes men to stumble and a rock that makes them fall, and the one who trusts in him will never be put to shame.” Hôm nay chúng ta tiếp tục nghiên Kinh thánh ở Roma 9, với tinh thần thông qua Grammar, ý tưởng trong lời Chúa được sáng tỏ.
Rôma 9 bày tỏ rằng Đức-Chúa-Trời ban sự cứu rỗi cho dân Israel, tuyển dân của Ngài, cũng như cho dân ngoại chỉ ” Nhờ ân điển bởi đức tin “nhận lảnh là được.
Như vậy ĐCT có bất công với Israel không và tại sao ĐCT khiển trách Israel hay là luật pháp làm cho Israel thất bại?
Let’ s study.
In order to study more easily, we have :
– Vocabulay : ( difficult words in the chapter).
– The revision: easier reference.
– New Grammar in the chapter.I/ VOCABULARY:
1/ adoption mean sonship : (v4) chức phận làm con.
2/ to cease : gián đoạn
uncease is opposite of cease.
unceasing is present participle used as an adjective: liên tục, triền miên…(2)
3/ Covenant ( n ) : giao ước (v4).
4/ Offspring (n) : giòng dỏi (V 6,7,8) descendent (v 29) con cháu.
5/ Remnent (n): phần nhỏ còn lại (v27).
6/ Patriarch ( n): tổ phụ, tổ tiên (v5).
7/To trace (v): truy nguyên (v5).
8/ Ancestry (n) : giòng họ, họ tộc.(v5).
9/ Lump (n): tảng, đống (v21)
( lump of clay: đống đất sét).
10/ Twins(n) con sanh đôi (v11).II/ REVISION: reference
1/ I myself ( v3) : chính tôi
“myself” is emphatic pronoun
( Romans 8).
2/ ” of” is expletive ( hư từ, Romans 2)
– People of Israel: dân Y-sơ-ra -ên. ( v3).
– lump of clay : đống đất sét.
3/ Posessive case : Sở hữu cách. (Romans 2)
– Apraham’s children (7).
– God’s children v(8).
– Rebekah’s children ( 10).
– God’s purpose (11).
3/ In order that = so that : để ( Romans 6,7).
4/ Very ( adj) : chính v(17)(Romans 7)III/ NEW GRAMMAR:
1/ POSSESSIVE PRONOUNS ( Đại từ sở hửu.)+ Romans 9:4” The people of Israel. Theirs is the adoption as sons; theirs divine glory, the covenant, the receiving of the law, the temple worship and the promises.”
In the sentence ” theirs” is possessive pronoun that is the subject of finite verb ” is”
In order to be more clear, we refer to:
+ Jeremiah 44:28
” Yet a small number that escaped the sword shall return out of the land of Egypt to sojourn there, shall know whose words shall stand, mine, or theirs”. ( mine= my words, theirs= their words.)
Mine and theirs are possessive pronouns.
+ Gennis 15:13:
” And he said to Abram, know of a surety that thy seed shall be a stranger in a land that is not theirs, and shall serve them, and they shall afflict them four hundred years”.
theirs= their land.
+ Matthew 5:10:
” Blessed are they which are persecuted for righteousness’s sake for theirs is the kingdom of heaven.”
( Theirs is the kingdom of heaven = The kingdom of heaven is theirs).2/ SUBJUNCTIVE TENSES ( các thì ở bàng thái.)
a/ ” It is not as though God’s words had failed“. (v6)
” had failed” is past perfect subjunctive tense which must be used after conjunction ” As if= as though” : dường như
b/ ” Though the number of the Israelites be the sand by the sea, only the remnant will be saved.” ( v27)
” the finite verb in the subordinate clause ” be” is the present subjunctive which must be used to express a wish, a prayer or a supposedness in the present time. ( lời cầu chúc, lời cầu nguyện hay một sự giả định ở hiện tai.)c/ ” Why not? Because they persused it not by faith but as if it were by works.” ( v32)
” were” is past subjunctive because of conjunction ” as if” before it.
Remarkable note:
Past subjunctive of verb to be is “WERE” for all persons in singular and plural.3/ CAUSATIVE VERB “TO MAKE” ( động từ truyền khiến).
” what if God, choosing to show his wrath and made his power known, bore with great patience the objects of his wrath – prepared for destruction.”( v22)
” made his power known” means God made people know his power .
– If we use the causative verb “make” in passive, the verb of objective complement must be in past participle ( known).
– If in active, the verb objective complement must be bare infinitive .( know).
In Ro 9: 23 the causative verb “make” was used in the same way.In this case we can use causative verb “to have” to replace “make”.4/ UNLESS ( Conj) : Trừ phiWe can use ” if… not” to replace ” unless”.
“Unless the Lord Almighty had left us descendents, we would have become like Sodom, we would have been like Gomorah” .(v29)
This is a conditional sentence unreal in the past.
So the finite verb in the conditional clause ( mệnh đề điều kiện) must be past subjunctive ( had left) and the one in main clause must be conditional perfect ( would have become, would have been).Câu trên có thế viết lại với “If…not” như sau:If the Lord Almighty had not left us descendents, we would have become like Sodom, we would have been like Gomorah”.Tham khảo thêm Psalm 127 a.”Unless the Lord builds the house, the builders labour in vain.b.”Unless the Lord watches over the city, the guards stand watch in vain.” (NIV)a. “Unless the Lord builds the house, they labour in vain who build it”.b. “Unless the Lord guards the city, the watchman stay awake in vain”. (NKJV)Bây giờ hãy viết lại hai câu trên với “If…not”.NOTICE:
Trong Rô ma 9 câu 5 chuyển tải một lẻ đạo thuôc Thần học Cơ đốc sâu sắc : Đấng Christ là người , nhưng là Đức Chúa Trời cao cả đáng chúc tụng đời đời.
” Theirs are patriarchs and from them is traced the human ancestry of Christ, who is God over all for ever praised. Amen”
” of whom are the fathers and from whom, according to the flesh, Christ came, who is over all, the eternally blessed God. Amen” ( NKJV).Một vấn đề cần suy nghĩ:Trong buổi tọa đàm (hội thảo) về vấn đề tà giáo của các tôi tớ Chúa tại Tp.HCM ngày 18/11/2014:Có 1 người đặt câu hỏi: “Chúa Giê-xu chết về phần xác, phần hồn có chết không?”Một tôi tớ Chúa trả lời: “Phần xác và phần hồn đều chết và đi vào âm phủ, sau 3 ngày sống lại.”Không thấy ai có ý kiến nào cả!Yên lặng! Chấp nhận?Trước đó tôi có đề cập đến câu Kinh Thánh Sáng thế ký 3:15 để nhắc rằng Chúa Giê-xu “thuộc giòng dõi người nữ.” “Người sẽ giày đạp đầu mày, mày sẽ cắn gót chân người”* “And I will put enmity between you and the woman, and the between your offspring and the hers, He will crush your head and you will strike his heel.” (NIV)* “And I will make you and the woman hate each other, her offspring and yours will always be enemies. Her offspring will crush your head and you will bite her offspring’s heel.” (GNT)
* “And I will put enmity between you and the woman and between your seed and her Seed. He shall bruise your head, and you shall bruise His heel.” (NKJV)Hy vọng lời Chúa trong Romans 9, với sự soi sáng của Thánh Linh, chúng ta sẽ hiểu được vấn đề thần học này.
May God bless us all.
Ban Biên tập
( prepared by Pastor Nguyễn Đức Na)
( prepared by Pastor Nguyễn Đức Na)
ROMANS 8
1 Therefore, there is now no condemnation for those who are in Christ Jesus, 2 because through Christ Jesus the law of the Spirit of life set me free from the law of sin and death. 3 For what the law was powerless to do in that it was weakened by the sinful nature, God did by sending his own Son in the likeness of sinful man to be a sin offering. And so he condemned sin in sinful man, 4 in order that the righteous requirements of the law might be fully met in us, who do not live according to the sinful nature but according to the Spirit. 5 Those who live according to the sinful nature have their minds set on what that nature desires; but those who live in accordance with the Spirit have their minds set on what the Spirit desires. 6 The mind of sinful man is death, but the mind controlled by the Spirit is life and peace; 7 the sinful mind is hostile to God. It does not submit to God’s law, nor can it do so. 8 Those controlled by the sinful nature cannot please God. 9 You, however, are controlled not by the sinful nature but by the Spirit, if the Spirit of God lives in you.And if anyone does not have the Spirit of Christ, he does not belong to Christ. 10 But if Christ is in you, your body is dead because of sin, yet your spirit is alive because of righteousness. 11 And if the Spirit of him who raised Jesus from the dead is living in you, he who raised Christ from the dead will also give life to your mortal bodies through his Spirit, who lives in you. 12 Therefore, brothers, we have an obligation–but it is not to the sinful nature, to live according to it. 13 For if you live according to the sinful nature, you will die; but if by the Spirit you put to death the misdeeds of the body, you will live, 14 because those who are led by the Spirit of God are sons of God. 15 For you did not receive a spirit that makes you a slave again to fear, but you received the Spirit of sonship. And by him we cry, “”Abba,” Father.” 16 The Spirit himself testifies with our spiritthat we are God’s children. 17 Now if we are children, then we are heirs–heirs of God and co-heirs with Christ, if indeed we share in his sufferings in order that we may also share in his glory.Future Glory
18 I consider that our present sufferings are not worth comparing with the glory that will be revealed in us. 19 The creation waits in eager expectation for the sons of God to be revealed. 20For the creation was subjected to frustration, not by its own choice, but by the will of the one who subjected it, in hope 21 that the creation itself will be liberated from its bondage to decay and brought into the glorious freedom of the children of God. 22 We know that the whole creation has been groaning as in the pains of childbirth right up to the present time. 23 Not only so, but we ourselves, who have the firstfruits of the Spirit, groan inwardly as we wait eagerly for our adoption as sons, the redemption of our bodies. 24 For in this hope we were saved. But hope that is seen is no hope at all. Who hopes for what he already has? 25 But if we hope for what we do not yet have, we wait for it patiently. 26 In the same way, the Spirit helps us in our weakness. We do not know what we ought to pray for, but the Spirit himself intercedes for us with groans that words cannot express. 27 And he who searches our hearts knows the mind of the Spirit, because the Spirit intercedes for the saints in accordance with God’s will.
More Than Conquerors
28 And we know that in all things God works for the good of those who love him, who have been called according to his purpose. 29 For those God foreknew he also predestined to be conformed to the likeness of his Son, that he might be the firstborn among many brothers. 30 And those he predestined, he also called; those he called, he also justified; those he justified, he also glorified.31 What, then, shall we say in response to this? If God is for us, who can be against us? 32 He who did not spare his own Son, but gave him up for us all–how will he not also, along with him, graciously give us all things? 33 Who will bring any charge against those whom God has chosen? It is God who justifies. 34 Who is he that condemns? Christ Jesus, who died–more than that, who was raised to life–is at the right hand of God and is also interceding for us. 35 Who shall separate us from the love of Christ? Shall trouble or hardship or persecution or famine or nakedness or danger or sword? 36 As it is written: “For your sake we face death all day long; we are considered as sheep to be slaughtered.” 37 No, in all these things we are more than conquerors through him who loved us. 38 For I am convinced that neither death nor life, neither angels nor demons,neither the present nor the future, nor any powers, 39 neither height nor depth, nor anything else in all creation, will be able to separate us from the love of God that is in Christ Jesus our Lord.
Với tinh thần nghiên cứu lời Chúa để rõ ý muốn Ngài và vận dụng vào cuộc sống, trang web chúng tôi có mục ” Study Bible through Grammar”.
Romans 8 là đoạn chót trong 3 đoạn 6, 7 và 8 nói lên quyền năng tuyệt đối của Tinlanh/ phúc âm mà đêm lại niềm tin cho con dân Chúa để có thể vượt qua bất cứ tội lỗi, thử thách nào Chúa cho phép xảy đến.
Đăc biệt cho chúng ta biết sự tranh chiến giửa con người bên trong ” inner being” ( Ro 7:22 ) tức là phần tâm linh ( spirit) và xác thịt ( the flesh )mà trong 3 đoạn này còn dùng từ tương đương ” sinful man” ( Ro 8:4 ) hay “sinful nature” ( Ro 8: 5, 8, 9, 12, 13) hay là “members of my body” ( Ro7: 23) tức là con người cũ mang nhiễm tội lỗi do tổ phụ chúng ta lưu truyền một cách tự nhiên.
Trong phần nghiên cứu có phần Review, Special Vocabulay and Grammar.:I/ Review:1/ Trong đoạn 8 có dùng:– God’s children ; God’s law; God’s will; ( posessive case)
– The children of God; the love of Christ. ( expletive ” of ” ).
Xin xem phần ngữ pháp này đã được đề cập rất rõ ràng và đầy đủ ở Romans 2.2/ Preposition THROUGH đã được đề cập ở Romans 6.
II/ Vocabulary:
1/ Mortal body ( V 23) means sinful natural; sinful body.
2/ Spirit ( in capital letter) means Đức Thánh Linh.
3/ spirit ( not in capital) tâm linh, tâm thần ( inner being).
4/ Sonship ( V15) means adoption as son ( V 23 ).
5/ For your sake ( V 36 ) vì Ngài; Vì cớ Chúa. ( idiom )
III/ Grammar:
1/ ” Not only so, we ourselves, Who have the firstfruits of the Spirit, groan inwardly as we wait eagerly for our adoption as son, the redemption of our bodies .” ( V23 )
– ” ourselves ” right after pronoun “we” is the emphatic pronoun ( đại từ nhấn mạnh) which is used to emphasize “we”.
– “We” is subject to the finite verb ( động từ đã chia) ” goan”.
– ” who have the firstfruit of the Spirit” is a non- defining relative clause which must be seperated from the main clause by commas.
– Another example for emphatic pronoun (đại từ nhấn mạnh):
” We do not know what we ought to pray for, but the Spirit himself intercedes for us with goans that words cannot express”
– ” himself” is the emphatic pronoun (đại từ nhấn mạnh).
– ” that words cannot express” is ” defining relative clause ” in which relative pronoun ” that” must be used without any commas.
This sentence is a compound- complex sentence. ( câu phức- ghép) with the co-ordinate conjunction ” but ” and two subordinates clauses.2/ Relative pronouns:
-Those who…( V14) mean people who.
Who is relative pronoun, its antecedent ( tiên hành từ) is “those” and it is used as a subject.
– Those whom
” Who will bring any charge against those whom God has chosen.” (V 33)
“Whom” is relative pronoun, object to verb ” has chosen”.– Another use of non-defining relative clauses:
” Christ Jesus, who died – more than that – who was raised to life- is at the right hand of God and is also interceding for us.”(V 34)
” Christ Jesus” is subject to finite verb ” is” and ” is interceding “.We hope that with your hard study you can understand God’s words and have a translation of your own in our mother language.
May God bless you all.
We are looking forward to hearing from you.Prepared by
Pastor Nguyễn Đức Na
Romans 7
1 Do you not know, brothers–for I am speaking to men who know the law–that the law has authority over a man only as long as he lives? 2 For example, by law a married woman is bound to her husband as long as he is alive, but if her husband dies, she is released from the law of marriage. 3So then, if she marries another man while her husband is still alive, she is called an adulteress. But if her husband dies, she is released from that law and is not an adulteress, even though she marries another man. 4 So, my brothers, you also died to the law through the body of Christ, that you might belong to another, to him who was raised from the dead, in order that we might bear fruit to God. 5For when we were controlled by the sinful nature, the sinful passions aroused by the law were at work in our bodies, so that we bore fruit for death. 6 But now, by dying to what once bound us, we have been released from the law so that we serve in the new way of the Spirit, and not in the old way of the written code.
7 What shall we say, then? Is the law sin? Certainly not! Indeed I would not have known what sin was except through the law. For I would not have known what coveting really was if the law had not said, “Do not covet.” 8 But sin, seizing the opportunity afforded by the commandment, produced in me every kind of covetous desire. For apart from law, sin is dead. 9 Once I was alive apart from law; but when the commandment came, sin sprang to life and I died. 10 I found that the very commandment that was intended to bring life actually brought death. 11 For sin, seizing the opportunity afforded by the commandment, deceived me, and through the commandment put me to death. 12 So then, the law is holy, and the commandment is holy, righteous and good. 13 Did that which is good, then, become death to me? By no means! But in order that sin might be recognized as sin, it produced death in me through what was good, so that through the commandment sin might become utterly sinful. 14 We know that the law is spiritual; but I am unspiritual, sold as a slave to sin.15 I do not understand what I do. For what I want to do I do not do, but what I hate I do. 16 And if I do what I do not want to do, I agree that the law is good. 17 As it is, it is no longer I myself who do it, but it is sin living in me. 18 I know that nothing good lives in me, that is, in my sinful nature. For I have the desire to do what is good, but I cannot carry it out. 19 For what I do is not the good I want to do; no, the evil I do not want to do–this I keep on doing. 20 Now if I do what I do not want to do, it is no longer I who do it, but it is sin living in me that does it. 21 So I find this law at work: When I want to do good, evil is right there with me. 22 For in my inner being I delight in God’s law; 23 but I see another law at work in the members of my body, waging war against the law of my mind and making me a prisoner of the law of sin at work within my members. 24 What a wretched man I am! Who will rescue me from this body of death? 25 Thanks be to God–through Jesus Christ our Lord! So then, I myself in my mind am a slave to God’s law, but in the sinful nature a slave to the law of sin.
Những điễm ngữ pháp cần nghiên cứu để hiểu rõ ý Chúa qua lời Ngài
1/ AS LONG AS : lâu bằng ( time)
“…, by law a married woman is bound to her husband as long as he is alive.”( V 2 )
Lâu bằng thời gian chồng còn sống.
Để dễ nhớ ta có Summary:
Comparision of equality. (so sánh bậc bằng)
[AS+ ADJECTIVE+ AS]
2/ SOME IRREGULAR VERBS remarkabe ( vài đông từ bất quy tăc đáng lưu ý)
a/ To spring-sprang- sprung ( v 10): hiện ra, xuất hiện.
b/ to bind-bound-bound : ràng buộc, cột chặc, gắn bó. ( V 2).
c/ to bring-brought-brought : đem lại, mang lai. ( V 10 ).
3/ ADULTERESS : người nữ ngoại tình. ( V 3 ).
Trong tiếng Anh một số danh từ giống cái ( feminine gender) ra từ danh từ giống đực ( masculine gender ) + ” ESS”.
Adulteress ra từ adulterer.
Tham khảo :
Prophetess ra từ prophet .
– ( Exod 15: 20 ): Miriam the prophetess …
– (Nehemia 6:14): also the prophetess Noadiah
4/ PART OF SPEECH ( loại từ)
Loai từ rất quan trọng vì cùng một từ mà có nghĩa khác nhau tuỳ theo loại từ của nó, Trong câu 10
” I found that the VERY commandment that was intended to bring life actually brought death.”
VERY trong câu là adjevtive có nghĩa là ” chính”, nó đứng ngay trước danh từ mà nó bổ nghĩa ( modify). Chính điều răn …Nếu “very” là trạng từ/ phó từ ( adverb ) thì có nghĩa là ” rất, lắm “.
Tham khảo:
– Hard ( adj ) : khó, cứng
” Is there anything too hard for the Lord.” ( Gen 18:14 )
– Hard ( adv ) : chăm chỉ, khó nhọc, vất vả.
” Greet my dear friend Persis, another wonan who has worked very hard in the Lord.” ( Rom 16:12 ).
” Very” trong câu trên là Adverb có nghĩa là ” rất” qualify cho trạng từ HARD.
– INNER being ( adj ) bên trong, ( V 22-23 ). khác với ” inside ” ( preposition ) có nghĩa là phía trong.
” For in my INNER being I delight in God’s law; but I see another law at work in the members of my body,…”
Để hiểu được con người bên trong và và con người bên ngoài ( outer being ) tức là các chi thể của thân. ( xác thịt). Chúng ta tham khảo các câu ” :
* “The Lord God formed the man from the dust of the ground and breathed into his nostrils the breath of life, and the man became a living BEING.” ( Gen 2:7 ).
và bài ca của mẹ Mary
* ” My soul glorifies the Lord and my spirit rejoices in God my Saviour” ( luke 1:47 ).
Chính Chúa Jesus cũng dạy chúng ta rằng
* ” the spirit is willing, but the body is weak.” ( Mark 14:38b).
* ” I pray that out of his glorious riches he may strengthen you with power through his Spirit in your INNER BEING.” ( Ephesians 3:16 ) .
Dịch thì có nhiều cách, nó giúp các bạn phong phú về tiếng mẹ đẻ, nhưng hiểu chính xác và thấu đáo ý Chúa qua lời Ngai là điều quan trọng.
5/ PARTICIPLE PHRASE ( ngữ phân từ).
” But sin, seizing the opportunity afforded by the commandment, produced in me every kind of covetous desires.”( V 8 )
Trong câu này có một mệnh đề chính là ” sin produced in me every kind of covetous desires.”
( tội lỗi đã sản sinh ra trong tôi đủ mọi thứ tham dục)
– Chủ từ “SIN” được bổ nghĩa bởi một ” participle phrase” ở dạng chủ động ( active ) : ” seizing the opportunity “ seizing là present participle của động từ “Seize” tức là tội lỗi đó nắm bắc lấy cơ hội.
Từ opportunity lại được một ” participle phrase” khác bổ nghĩa ở trạng thái thụ động ( passive ) “afforded by the commandment” ( được cung cấp bời điều răn.)
Như vậy chúng ta thấy một ngữ phân từ có thể là “active hay passive ” tuỳ theo trạng thái nó được dùng.
Một “participle phrase ” có thể chuyển lại thành một mệnh đề tỉnh từ ( adjective clause ) và ngược lại.
Câu mà ta đang nghiên cứu có thể viết lại với các mệnh đề định ngữ như sau:
But sin, which ( không được dùng ” that”) seized the opportunity which / that was afforded by the commandment, produced in me every covetous desires.
Bây giờ các bạn có thể hiểu các câu có participle phrase trong đoạn 7 này. ( V 5,11,20 )
+ ” For when we were controlled by the sinful nature, the sinful passions aroused by the law were at work in our bodies, so (that) we bore fruit for death.” ( V5 )
Để giúp hiểu câu này dễ dàng hơn, xin lưu ý :
To arouse: đánh thức
To be at work : đang làm việc.
To bear-bore – born : sanh ra .
“So” là co-ordinate conjunction với nghĩa ” cho nên.” có dấu “,” ( comma) ở trước nó . Xin xem lai “so that” và “in order that” là subordinate conjunction với nghĩa ” để” chỉ mục đich ( purpose ) có đề cập đến ở Rom 6.
+ ” For sin, seizing the opportunity afforded by the commandment, deceived me, and through the commandment put me to death. ( V 11 )
+ ” Now if I do what I do not want to do, it is no longer I who do it, but it is sin living in me that does it” ( V 20 ).
” no longer” đã đề cập trong các bài phía trước.
6/ EXCLAMATATION SENTENCE ( Câu hô thán)
” What a wretched man I am ! ” ( V 24 ).
– Wretched ( adj ) : khốn khổ.
Tiếng Việt chúng ta có những từ dùng để diễn tả một một cãm xúc, một sự ngạc nhiên mạnh mẽ như :” làm sao! biết bao! gì đâu a! …
( Tôi là một người khốn khổ làm sao! )
Cuối câu hô thán phải có dấu than ( ! ).( note of exclamation)
Ngữ pháp tiếng Anh từ hô thán là danh từ ( noun ) thì phải dùng ” what ” đặt ở đầu câu.
Danh từ hô thán có thể có một tỉnh từ bổ nghĩa.
Ex:
– What a Christian!
( một Cơ đốc nhân gì đâu! ) hiểu ngầm ai đó
– What a godly Christian she is !
( Cô ta là một Cơ đốc nhân sùng đạo làm sao! ).
Rô ma 7 lý giải về thần học Cơ đốc nên bản thân nó đã là khó hiểu trong tiếng mẹ đẻ của chúng ta. Nhưng cãm ơn Chúa ” the Spirit of wisdom and revelation” ( Eph 1:17 ) đã giúp chúng ta hiểu được ý Ngài, đăc biệt qua nghiên cứu lời Chúa trong tiếng Anh ( NIV) lại giúp chúng ta sáng tỏ một số vấn đề.
Hy vọng khi quý vị thật tâm nghiên cứu lời Chúa cùng chúng tôi, quý vi có niềm vui và thoả lòng trong ơn lành của Ngài.
We are looking forward to hearing from you.
Ban Biên tập
( Prepared by MS Nguyễn Đức-Na )
Ho Chi Minh